Impacts and managerial implications for sewer systems due to recent changes to inputs in domestic wastewater – A review

摘要: Ever since the advent of major sewer construction in 1850s, issue increased solids deposition sewers due to changes domestic wastewater inputs has been frequently debated. Three recent considered here are introduction kitchen sink food waste disposers (FWDs); rising levels fat, oil and grease (FOG); installation low-flush toilets (LFTs). In this review these have examined with regard potential depositional impacts on systems managerial implications. The indicates that each cause an increase is likely be more pronounced for upstream reaches networks serve fewer households than downstream parts specific features such as sags. highlighted importance educational campaigns directed public mitigate many observed problems linked behaviour FOGs, FWDs toilet flushing. A standardized monitoring procedure repeat blockage locations can also a means identify hot-spots. Interactions between various studies reviewed indicated formation, but would need further substantiated. As precise nature found variable, depending lifestyles type installation, additional may arise pose particular challenges operators managers because difficulty generalizing changes, particularly where retrofitting projects being considered. three types highlight consider whether or not less solid from should diverted into sewers.