Watershed decisions: the St. Lawrence Seaway and sub-national water diplomacy

摘要: Abstract/ResumesThe St. Lawrence Seaway and Power Project, authorized by a 1954 Canadian-American agreement after decades of negotiations, was formative event in the history North American sub-national governmental relations. This study examines role Province Ontario State New York, their respective power utilities, Hydro-Electric Commission Authority diplomacy that led to megaproject. Sub-national governments directly indirectly shaped policy not only through formal federalism diplomatic channels, but also via number transborder agencies engineering boards. Employing historical analysis demonstrate institutional ideational factors Canadian state，s approach border waters, project expanded opportunities for environmental paradiplomacy subsequent Canadian-