Distinguishing Associative and Probabilistic Contrast Theories of Human Contingency Judgment

摘要: This chapter discusses theoretical issues concerning contingency judgment. One empirical result exists that appears straightaway to challenge the idea judgments can be modeled by Rescorla-Wagner theory. is finding under noncontingent schedules do not always appear converge across trials. The stimuli are represented configurally allows results of experiments accommodated; it should acknowledged there a number problems facing this approach. Account retrospective revaluation effects requires an elemental rather than configural analysis: in AB → 0, B 0 design, subjects assumed relate what they learn second stage about element already know compound AB, such balance associative strengths A and altered. It difficult see how analysis, whereby quite independently its elements, would allow happen. Some recent data raise possibility behave only certain conditions. Many researchers agree appropriate normative theory provided Δp metric: then evaluated for their objective accuracy against biased whenever deviate from statistic. Rather proving judgment nonnormative, however, viewed same way as visual illusions: manifestations incorrect output system fundamentally does provide true picture world but misled having produce response on basis insufficient evidence.