Integration Costs and the Value of Wind Power

摘要: The integration of wind and solar generators into power systems cause “integration costs” for grids, balancing services, reserve capacity, reduced utilization the capital stock, more flexible operation thermal plants. This paper proposes a market-based valuation framework to analyze estimate these inte-gration costs. exhaustively accounts all costs that occur at level system. It is based on three inherent properties power: variability, uncertainty, location specificity. Each property has corresponding cost can be estimated from numerical models or observed market data. Surveying literature indicates high penetration rates, say share 30%, integra-tion in same order magnitude as generation Many previous studies do not fully account costs, underestimating social variable renewables.