Chapter 11 Photoelectric Threshold and Work Function

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the photoelectric threshold and work function of III–V compounds. Although definitions both are precise in themselves, interpretations results various methods measurement subject to some error. Specifically, true is difference energy an electron at Fermi level just inside surface rest maximum potential barrier vacuum. The latter denoted as vacuum chapter. a unambiguous only for atomically clean, single-crystal surfaces, which thermodynamic equilibrium. Otherwise, value obtained by can depend upon physics technique itself. For example, nonhomogeneous determined Kelvin method areal average local function, while or thermionic determination weights more heavily than lower patches. defined being equal minimum photon needed raise solid level, where escape into energetically possible.