Shadow economies around the world: what do we really know?
作者： Friedrich Schneider
DOI: 10.1016/J.EJPOLECO.2004.10.002
关键词:
摘要: Abstract This paper presents estimates of the shadow economy for 110 countries, including developing, transition and developed OECD economies. The average size as a proportion official GDP in 1999–2000 developing countries was 41%, 38%, 17%. An increasing burden taxation social security contributions underlies economy. If increases by 1%, growth rate “official” decreases 0.6%, while economies respectively 0.8% 1.0%.
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