Evolution of Chemical Diversity in a Group of Non-Reduced Polyketide Gene Clusters: Using Phylogenetics to Inform the Search for Novel Fungal Natural Products

摘要: Fungal polyketides are a diverse class of natural products, or secondary metabolites (SMs), with wide range bioactivities often associated toxicity. Here, we focus on group non-reducing polyketide synthases (NR-PKSs) in the fungal phylum Ascomycota that lack thioesterase domain for product release, V. Although widespread ascomycete taxa, this NR-PKSs is notably absent mycotoxigenic genus Fusarium and, surprisingly, found genera not known their metabolite production (e.g., mycorrhizal Oidiodendron, powdery mildew Blumeria, and causative agent white-nose syndrome bats, Pseudogymnoascus destructans). This NR-PKSs, association other enzymes encoded by gene clusters, produces variety different chemical classes including naphthacenediones, anthraquinones, benzophenones, grisandienes, diphenyl ethers. We discuss modification transitions between these classes, requisite enzymes, evolution SM clusters encode them. Integrating information, predict likely products related but uncharacterized speculate upon utility SMs as virulence factors defenses to various plant, animal, insect pathogens, well mutualistic fungi.