Testing encoding specificity and the diagnostic feature-detection theory of eyewitness identification, with implications for showups, lineups, and partially disguised perpetrators

摘要: The diagnostic feature-detection theory (DFT) of eyewitness identification is based on facial information that versus non-diagnostic suspect guilt. It primarily has been tested by discounting at retrieval, typically surrounding a single showup with good fillers to create lineup. We additional DFT predictions manipulating the presence (i.e., exterior region face) both encoding and retrieval large between-subjects factorial design (N = 19,414). In support in replication literature, lineups yielded higher discriminability than showups. specificity, conditions matched between were generally superior mismatch conditions. More importantly, we supported several specificity not previously tested, including (a) adding will reduce for showups more so lineups, (b) removing lower lineups. These results have implications police deciding whether conduct or lineup, when dealing partially disguised perpetrators (e.g., wearing hoodie).