Semiochemicals and learning in parasitoids.

摘要: There is increasing evidence that parasitoid responses to semiochemicals, important stimuli in the host location process, are influenced by experience. This paper focuses on role of learning, particular associative odors. Emphasis placed learning during adult stage, influence preadult experience discussed briefly. New data speciesLeptopilina heterotoma given. It demonstrated females can learn respond a novel odor, which they subsequently use microhabitat selection. Learning was shown be whereby products (contact kairomone) or an oviposition could function as reinforcers (reward). The effect seemed stronger when parasitoids were rewarded with concludes discussion application pest management.