Membrane dynamics in physiology and disease

摘要: Membranes define the identity of cells: they are crucial for a cell’s perception environment, regulate cellular homeostasis, and function as hubs extraand intracellular signals. Countless lipids have been identified, but how in various cell organelles is still poorly defined. Dynamic processes such membrane fusion, fission, aging elimination being elucidated, not fully understood. We know that localized lipid–protein lipid–lipid interactions membranes determine fate, much remains to be learned about exact nature these processes. Membrane-modifying enzymes, cell-surface receptors transporters all important targets pharmaceutical therapy. To better understand lipid dynamics, Gerrit van Meer Kai Simons initiated EuroMEMBRANE program (part EuroCORES, funded by European Research Foundation). According Meer, aim learn ‘membrane lipids, where behave’. The final conference Basel 2012 (www.lipidsignaling.org) concluded program, covered aspects biology. Plenary lectures Pietro De Camilli on ‘Membrane dynamics phosphoinositide signaling’ Robin Irvine ‘Metabolism functions PIPs controlling signaling identity’ embraced following mini-reviews illustrate small subset themes presented at conference. first mini-review Raiborg et al. describes class III 3–kinase Vps34, its product phosphatidylinositol 3–phosphate recruits elements endosomal sorting machinery, exploiting lipid-binding domains including PX FYVE domains. In second mini-review, Solinger Spang demonstrate Caenorhabditis elegans genetics may exploited ‘to do list’ tethering complexes, integrate endosome maturation with V–ATPase, ESCRT phosphoinositides, more. third Koren Bentires-Alj covers currently available mouse models used investigate breast cancer development. tumorigenesis, palmitoylation oncogenic proteins Ras modulates translocation activation, role hydrophobic post-translational modification less obvious. Blaskovic address this issue their ‘What does S-palmitoylation proteins?‘. Parmryd € Onfelt discuss importance curvature function, also describe topology affect data acquired microscopic techniques. ‘Molecular simulations medicinal plant extracts drugs bilayer membranes’, Kope c show compounds environments. Volinsky Kinnunen age turned over, modifications properties fate. Finally, Loizides-Mangold provides insight into novel technologies MS-based lipidomics utilized unravel complexity lipidome.