Advances in Mushroom Research in the Last Decade

摘要: Summary There has been a lot of progress in mushroom science and biotechnology the last decade. The optimization PFGE separation fungal chromosomes allowed study molecular karyotype mushrooms assignment genes to chromosomes. are 115 encoded from different species mushrooms. Cross breeding continues be principal method, but it is accompanied by analyses RAPD or RFLPs methods. genetic makers used introduced into commercial large hybrids via introgression breeding. complex traits such as yield, resistance disease quality characteristics, quantitative more than one trait locus (QTL) found practice. transformants transgenic mutant strains were obtained Agrobacterium system particle bombardment. At least 651 representing 182 genera hetero- homobasidiomycetes researched containing antitumor immunostimulating polysaccharides. Ergosterol lipid fraction was identified most active constituents. New sesquiterpenoid hydroquinones, steroids, oxalic acid, triterpenes, water-soluble lignins, sulfated polysaccharides, protein-bound polysaccharides intensively antimicrobial antiviral agents. Many small mass compounds exhibit cytotoxic activities, illudins, leaianafulvene, triterpenes (ganoderic acids), acetoxyscirpenediol, ergosterol peroxide, sterols. many other activities mushrooms, antioxidative, hypoglycemic action, anti-inflammatory effect, hepatoprotective compounds, psychoactive activities.