Therapeutic potential of motor neurons differentiated from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.

摘要: Degeneration of motor neurons (MN) caused by disease or injury leads to paralysis and is fatal in some conditions. To date, there are no effective treatments for MN disorders; therefore, cell therapy a promising strategy replace lost MN. Embryonic stem (ES) cells isolated from the inner mass mammalian blastocysts self-renew pluripotent because they differentiate into types three germinal layers. Reprogramming adult state similar ES cells, termed induced (iPS) has been recently reported. It well established that can give rise specialized phenotypes, including neurons. Mouse, monkey human be differentiated iPS using procedures generally involving embryoid bodies formation stimulation with retinoic acid Sonic hedgehog. Differentiated express characteristic molecular markers such as Islet1, HB9 Choline acetyltransferase, exhibit electrophysiological maturity able form synaptic contacts neuromuscular junctions vitro. Furthermore, transplanted promote functional recovery animal models neurodegenerative diseases injury. The potential clinical applications cell-derived was enhanced after derivation, which makes possible generation patient-specific autologous replacement therapies may used drug development modeling. This review summarizes differentiation protocols regard neuronal efficiency, expression properties vitro, their therapeutic effects grafting.