Phagocytosis of Bacteria and Bacterial Pathogenicity: Mycobacterium tuberculosis : mechanisms of phagocytosis and intracellular survival

摘要: INTRODUCTION Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the cause of tuberculosis, has infected an estimated one-third world's human population and causes more deaths per year than any other single bacterial pathogen (Corbett et al . 2003). Although is most frequently infection lungs, it can affect virtually organ body (Raviglione & O'Brien 2004). In individuals remains latent without symptoms or transmission, but in approximately 10% progresses to active disease kills at least half these. Untreated, provides opportunity for transmission M. through coughing up bacteria by person, which droplet nuclei that are inhaled into lung alveoli establish a new infection. Tuberculosis common developing countries; because T-lymphocyte-mediated cellular immunity essential control infection, ongoing epidemic HIV regions with high prevalence worsening already severe problem. Moreover, development multiple drug resistance amplified problems treatment many parts world. LIFE CYCLE OF TUBERCULOSIS not classically considered have morphologically distinct stages representing phases their life cycle as eucaryotic parasites do, clear pathogenic such adapt environmental niches major alterations patterns gene expression (Schnappinger