What kind of water models are needed for the implementation of the European water framework directive? Examples from France

摘要: Abstract The European Water Framework directive (WFD) promotes an integrated management approach, defines the river basin as relevant unit, and sets objective of good ecological status for all waters in Europe before 2015. Based on research activities underway France, this paper presents five examples issues related to water modelling implementation WFD. new concept “good status” calls a necessary shift from classical biogeochemical modelling, kind models which can describe biological response aquatic ecosystems physical disturbance. approach demands models, based more global adapted scale work be done; is illustrated with rainfall‐runoff models. In field hydraulics, complexity addressed through creation consisting several modules, are optimised function the...