Crude Oil and Alternate Energy Production Forecasts for the Twenty-First Century: The End of the Hydrocarbon Era

摘要: Predictions of production rates and ultimate recovery crude oil are needed for intelligent planning timely action to ensure the continuous flow energy required by world's increasing population expanding economies. Crude will be able supply demand until peak world is reached. The gap caused declining conventional must then filled coal, natural gas, unconventional from tar sands, heavy shales, nuclear hydroelectric power, renewable sources (solar, wind, geothermal). Declining forecasts based on current estimated recoverable resources 329 billion barrels United States close 3 trillion world. Peak forecast occur in 2020 at 90 million per day. Conventional terminate about 2090, exhaustion 2100.