Formation of hot flow anomalies and solitary shocks

摘要: [1] Interaction of a tangential discontinuity (TD) with the bow shock is investigated by using electromagnetic, global hybrid simulations in which ions are treated kinetically via particle-in-cell methods and electrons form massless fluid. On basis previous studies, it was expected that interaction would result formation hot flow anomaly (HFA) propagating along curved surface. The results unexpected two major ways. First, only formed during TD quasi-parallel side shock. lack HFA on perpendicular due to inability large fraction escape into solar wind, as required for an form. Second, quasi-perpendicular portion previously unknown, structure we name “solitary shock.” solitary consists finite width (a few ion inertial length), fast magnetosonic shock-like followed relatively less compressed, more turbulent plasma complex spatially varying properties downstream region. We have determined after passage new direction interplanetary magnetic field. Further, this not transitory phenomena when field cone angle (∼>50°) significant surface affected. Solitary shocks regions where motional electric magnetosheath points away from demonstrate differ regular differences dissipation processes. also present detailed survey effects simulation parameters such cell size, resistivity, system 2.5-dimensional versus three-dimensional domains solutions.