Social, behavioral, and biological factors, and sex differences in mortality.

摘要: Few studies have examined whether sex differences in mortality are associated with different distributions of risk factors or result from the unique relationships between and for men women. We extend previous research by systematically testing a variety factors, including health behaviors, social ties, socioeconomic status, biological indicators health. employ National Health Nutritional Examination Survey III Linked Mortality File use Cox proportional hazards models to examine adult United States. Our findings document that behavioral characteristics key related gap mortality. Once we control women’s lower levels marriage, poverty, exercise, widens; once greater propensity visit friends relatives, attend religious services, abstain smoking, narrows. Biological factors—including inflammation cardiovascular risk—also inform Nevertheless, persistent remain: compared women, 30% 83% higher risks death over follow-up period, depending on covariates included model. Although prevalence ofriskfactors differs sex, impact those riskfactors is similar