Biochemistry, pharmacology and physiology of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand.

摘要: 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is a unique molecular species of monoacylglycerol isolated in 1995 from rat brain and canine gut as an endogenous ligand for the cannabinoid receptors. 2-AG rapidly formed arachidonic acid-containing phospholipids through increased phospholipid metabolism, such enhanced inositol turnover, various tissues cells upon stimulation. binds to receptors (CB1 CB2) exhibits variety cannabimimetic activities vitro vivo. Notably, anandamide, another receptors, often acts partial agonist at these whereas full most cases. The results structure-activity relationship studies suggested that rather than anandamide true natural both CB1 CB2 Evidence gradually accumulating which shows plays physiologically essential roles diverse biological systems. For example, several lines evidence indicate important role retrograde messenger molecule regulation synaptic transmission. has also been shown be involved types inflammatory reactions immune responses. In this review, we focused on 2-AG, summarized information concerning its biosynthesis, bioactions physiological significance, including our latest experimental results.