Efficiency and Equity of European Education and Training Policies

摘要: This paper reviews empirical evidence, especially from Europe, on how education and training policies can be designed to advance both efficiency equity. Returns educational investments tend decrease over the life cycle. Moreover, they seem highest for children disadvantaged families at early stages well-off late of creates complementarities between equity trade-offs stages. The goes discuss specific each stage, ranging childhood schools vocational higher lifelong learning. available evidence suggests that enhanced by output-oriented reforms properly where state generally sets a regulatory framework ensures accountability funding uses forces choice competition deliver best results. Designed this way, systems same time.