Inflammation and Cancer: What Can We Therapeutically Expect from Checkpoint Inhibitors?

摘要: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a cell surface protein which mainly expressed on immune cells as well cancer and functions co-stimulatory molecule for T lymphocytes. It capable of inducing apoptosis in T-cells via PD-1 leads to impaired cytokine production loss cytotoxicity activated T-cells. This represents possible escape mechanism cells. Tumor infiltration by mononuclear tumor aggressiveness was found be associated with PD-L1 expression. In light autoimmunological side effects, it remains currently unclear patient will benefit most from this novel therapeutic approach. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry has not been standardized until now. addition, the combination chemotherapy checkpoint inhibitors different clinical settings needs established near future order avoid overtreatment also unnecessary cost expenditures health care system.