Material-energy-water-carbon nexus in China’s electricity generation system up to 2050
作者： Ayman Elshkaki
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2019.116355
关键词:
摘要: Abstract Energy, water, and materials are interconnected in several ways. Increasing demand for resources combined with environmental, availability, accessibility, security risks associated their supply raising concerns future sustainable management. Resources nexus CO2 emissions China have been analysed using a dynamic material flow-stock model 10 electricity generation technologies (EGT) 21 materials. The analysis includes scenarios, combining energy scenarios; National Development Reform Commission (NDRC) International Energy Agency (IEA-450), scenarios EGT content energy, intensities. Cumulative production NDRC scenario double those IEA-450 scenario. Annual required is expected to be between 2.3% 3.4% of annual EG. Highest related PV wind hydropower Required Fe concrete much higher than Al, however Al either or slightly lower concrete. Careful selection significant reduce EG impacts, considering integrated policies.
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