Management of irregular astigmatism.

摘要: Using a liberal definition of corneal irregularity, modern videokeratoscopy may define approximately 40% normal corneas with toric refractive error as possessing primary irregular astigmatism. The causes secondary forms astigmatism include surgery, trauma, dystrophies, and infections. Internal surface media irregularity or noncorneal (ocular residual astigmatism) contribute to the entire path which crystaline lenticular is usually principal contributing component. Treatment options have increased in recent years, particularly, though not exclusively, through advent tailored excimer laser ablations. However, discussion continues concerning systematic approach necessary enable treatment achieve an optimal optical for eye. Discussion also what constitutes shape. Some procedures increase higher order aberrations attempt neutralize way further refinement commonly performed techniques will ultimately lie integrated inclusion trio technologies: topographic analysis surface, wavefront ocular aberrations, vector planning appropriate balance emphasis between these two diagnostic modalities. For uncommon, irregularly roughened corneas, ablatable polymer show some promise.