Realities and enigmas of human viral influenza: pathogenesis, epidemiology and control.

摘要: Influenza A is a viral disease of global dimension, presenting with high morbidity and mortality in annual epidemics, pandemics which are infrequent occurrence but have very attack rates. probes reveal continuing battle for survival between host parasite the population updates specificity its pool humoral immunity by contact response to infection most recent viruses possess altered antigenic their hemagglutinin (HA) ligand. HA ligand binds virus cell bring about infection. Viral relies on escape from through alterations nature arise genetic drift point mutation principally gene, or shift reassortment exchange that retained avian species. Partial control influenza use killed whole, subunit, possible live vaccines, all rely worldwide surveillance provide early detection immunologic next come. Future may be aided studies sampled isolates laboratories having capabilities accelerated sequencing automated rapid throughput analyses as well. vaccines future must directed toward conserved group-specific antigens, such present transitional proteins exposed during fusion cell. Chemotherapy, though still primordial, eventually ultimate solution vaccine failures. Probing enigma severe pandemic 1918-1919 an exciting contemporary venture reconstruction genome surviving archival RNA being conducted great success. Present evidence reveals successive recycling pandemics, only 3 15 HAs. Pandemics believed, conventionally, derived solely rare events wild man acquire new origin. There might alternative possibility involving periodicity selective itself, receptivity rejection at particular time reassortant created more frequently than we presently aware. This hypothesis, remote, provides different way view probe influenza.