The Age-of-Acquisition Effect in Patients with Language Impairments

摘要: The age of acquisition (AoA) effect refers to the finding that words learned early in life are processed faster than later life. influence AoA has been found using many tasks, including picture naming, lexical decision, and eye-tracking methodology (Juhasz, 2005). Patients with language impairments such as aphasia, Alzheimer’s disease, dyslexia, dysgraphia, those who have received an anterior temporal lobectomy all influenced by AoA. these patients successfully produce often early-acquired, when error is committed, it usually result a failure retrieve later-acquired word, suggesting early-acquired better preserved mental lexicon words. robust effects patient populations suggest could be important tool for making more accurate diagnoses constructing effective treatment plans. studies described this review also shed light on possible locus or loci lexicon. Through close examination performance various appears either resides semantic system, therefore supporting Steyvers Tenenbaum (2005)’s “semantic hub” model represent general learning mechanism which explained Ellis Lambon Ralph (2000)’s connectionist network plasticity. Patient Populations 2 Introduction ability use communicate skill readily develops shortly after birth humans. Children utter their first word between ages ten fifteen months rapidly develop sophisticated five (Siegler, Deloache, & Eisenberg, 2011). From point on, children into adolescence adulthood continue add lexicon, term used describe organization processing system (Siegler et al., three domains include orthography (word form), phonology (sound), semantics (meaning). Retrieving from (i.e. access) somewhat taxing process involving recognition form picture, understanding, production. A disruption anywhere along line can correct word. Kittredge, Dell, Verkuilen, Schwartz (2008) one production consisting two major steps: First, holistic representation corresponding specific concept accessed selection appropriate unit occurs. Second, phonological characteristics accessed. It thought errors, uttering “duck” instead “swan” looking at swan, step, whereas mispronunciations second step (Kittredge 2008). Levelt, Roelofs, Meyer (1999) cited Kittredge al. suggested speech occurs steps, rather two. Their similar al.’s, but includes “lemma” access stage representations representations. Selected lemma level grammatical aspects