摘要: Resistance exercise induces changes in leukocyte redistribution, phenotypical surface expression and functionality. Several factors have been shown to alter the temporal pattern and/or magnitude of response including manipulation acute program variables, aging process, nutritional supplementation. Rest period length load can modify leukocytosis post exercise. Aging diminishes both duration reduces The few studies that assessed effects supplements (e.g., carbohydrate, whey protein, caffeine) peri-resistance showed minimal on responses. Sex differences exist timing infiltration into skeletal muscle. immune resistance is only a small part recovery paradigm. A better understanding how variables other such as aging, sex supplementation affect important context improving recovery, performance health.