Effect of solid-solution softening of crystalline materials: Review

摘要: The phenomenon of softening crystalline materials by alloying, which is promising for controlling mechanical properties materials, due to the occurrence an additional channel facilitated formation dislocation kinks at impurity centers. This effect related kink mechanism motion. Hence, a range that are capable can be singled out: metals with bcc structure, semiconductors, ceramic intermetallic compounds, etc. A unified basis description regularities given phenomenological theory. theory predicts many general all under consideration: strength characteristics impurities crystals, limiting possibilities optimal choice components, theory, supplemented knowledge some material constants (determined from microscopic calculations or, even better, experiment), makes it possible calculate temperature and concentration dependences yield stress other parameters measured in tests.