Fatal levamisole toxicosis of captive kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)

摘要: Abstract CASE HISTORY: Nine of 24 captive kiwi treated with oral levamisole at a dose between 25–43 mg/kg showed signs respiratory distress. Six died within 4 h treatment and the remaining three made full recovery h. CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Within 3–4 treatment, affected birds had an elevated rate, mucoid nasal discharge rapidly became comatose. Post mortem examination revealed accumulation thick mucus in cavity trachea. There was severe pulmonary congestion oedema early bronchopneumonia lungs five birds. In two birds, there acute hepatic degeneration necrosis one bird pancreatic necrosis. DIAGNOSIS: Acute toxicity. RELEVANCE: Kiwi were acutely sensitive to toxicity doses that are well safe range for domestic poultry. Levamisole should not be used as anthelmintic kiwi.