Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach

摘要: 1 The Nature of Probability and Statistics 1.1 Descriptive Inferential 1.2 Variables Types Data 1.3 Collection Sampling Techniques 1.4 Observational Experimental Studies 1.5 Uses Misuses 1.6 Computers Calculators 2 Frequency Distributions Graphs 2.1 Organizing 2.2 Histograms, Polygons,and Ogives 2.3 Other 3 Description 3.1 Measures CentralTendency 3.2 Variation 3.3 Position 3.4 Exploratory Analysis 4 Counting Rules 4.1 4.2 Addition for 4.3 Multiplication ConditionalProbability 4.4 4.5 5 Discrete 5.1 5.2 Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation,and Expectation 5.3 Binomial Distribution 5.4 (Optional) 6 Normal 6.1 6.2 Applications the NormalDistribution 6.3 Central Limit Theorem 6.4 Approximation to BinomialDistribution 7 Confidence Intervals Sample Size 7.1 Mean When s Is Known 7.2 Unknown 7.3 Proportions 7.4 Variances Deviations 8 Hypothesis Testing 8.1 Steps in Testing-Traditional Method 8.2 z Test a 8.3 t 8.4 Proportion 8.5 '2 Variance or Deviation 8.6 Additional Topics Regarding 9 Difference Between Two Means, Variances, 9.1 Means: Using 9.2 Means Independent Samples: 9.3 Dependent Samples 9.4 Proportions9.5 10 Correlation Regression 10.1 Scatter Plots 10.2 10.3 Coefficient Determination Error Estimate 10.4 Multiple 11 Chi-Square Tests 11.1 Goodness Fit 11.2 Contingency Tables 12 12.1 One-Way 12.2 Scheffe Tukey 12.3 Two-Way 13 Nonparametric 13.1 Advantages Disadvantages Methods 13.2 Sign 13.3 Wilcoxon Rank Sum 13.4 Signed-Rank 13.5 Kruskal-Wallis 13.6 Spearman Runs 14 Simulation 14.1 Common 14.2 Surveys Questionnaire Design 14.3 Monte Carlo Appendix A: Algebra Review B-1: Writing Research Report B-2: Bayes' B-3: Alternate Approach C: D: Bank E: Glossary F: Bibliography G: Photo Credits H: Selected Answers