Antidepressant effects of ketamine: mechanisms underlying fast-acting novel antidepressants.

摘要: Newer antidepressants are needed for the many individuals with major depressive disorder that do not respond adequately to treatment and because of a delay weeks before emergence therapeutic effects. Recent evidence from clinical trials shows NMDA antagonist ketamine is revolutionary novel antidepressant it acts rapidly effective treatment-resistant patients. A single infusion alleviates symptoms in depressed patients within hours these effects may be sustained up 2 weeks. Although discovery ketamine’s has reshaped drug antidepressants, psychotomimetic properties this compound limit use therapy most severely ill In order develop additional like ketamine, adequate preclinical behavioral screening paradigms fast-acting need established used identify underlying neural mechanisms. This review examines literature attempting model antidepressant-like ketamine. Acute administration produced screens forced swim test, novelty suppression feeding rodent models depression. Protracted have been reported appear after last days. temporal pattern similar its serve as new animal paradigm rapid humans. addition, protracted changes molecules mediating synaptic plasticity implicated Current studies examining compounds more specific pharmacological at glutamate receptors synapses acting without hallucinogenic side or abuse potential