Surgical simulation: a urological perspective.
作者： Geoffrey R. Wignall , John D. Denstedt , Glenn M. Preminger , Jeffrey A. Cadeddu , Margaret S. Pearle
DOI: 10.1016/J.JURO.2008.01.014
关键词:
摘要: Purpose: Surgical education is changing rapidly as several factors including budget constraints and medicolegal concerns limit opportunities for urological trainees. New methods of skills training such low fidelity bench trainers virtual reality simulators offer new avenues surgical education. In addition, simulation has the potential to allow practicing surgeons develop maintain those they already possess. We provide a review background, current status future directions pertain urology.Materials Methods: performed literature an overview in urology.Results: are various stages development validation. Several have undergone extensive validation studies use curricula. While more closely mimic present entire operations, remain useful s...
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