The Role of Passive Defense (Selfish Herd and Dilution Effect) in the Gregarious Nesting of Liostenogaster Wasps (Vespidae, Hymenoptera, Stenogastrinae)
作者： C. Coster-Longman , M. Landi , S. Turillazzi
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摘要: The advantages of the selfish herd and encounter-dilution effects were studied in two congeneric gregarious-nesting species Stenogastrine wasps, Liostenogaster vechti Turillazzi L. flavolineata (Cameron), Malaysia. Results show that nesting clusters affords these wasps some degree protection against their main invertebrate predators, parasites parasitoids. This advantage is reflected geometry aggregation as well behavior individuals. costs benefits group living implications selection this strategy evolution sociality are discussed.
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