The difference conservation makes to extinction risk of the world's ungulates

摘要: Previous studies show that conservation actions have prevented extinctions, recovered populations, and reduced declining trends in global biodiversity. However, all to date substantially underestimated the difference action makes because they failed account fully for what would happened absence thereof. We undertook a scenario-based thought experiment better quantify effect had on extinction risk of world's 235 recognized ungulate species. did so by comparing species' observed status 2008 with their estimated under counterfactual scenarios which efforts ceased 1996. without at least 148 species deteriorated one International Union Conservation Nature (IUCN) Red List category, including 6 now be listed as extinct or wild. The overall decline ungulates been nearly 8 times worse than observed. This trend greater still if not private lands. While some benefited from highly targeted interventions, such reintroduction, most collaterally habitat protection. found is likely higher previously estimated. Increased, sustained, investment could help achieve further improvements.