Ancient divergence and recent population expansion in a leaf frog endemic to the southern Brazilian Atlantic forest

摘要: The evolutionary history of Neotropical organisms has been often interpreted through broad-scale generalizations. most accepted model diversification for the Brazilian Atlantic forest (BAF) rely on putative historical stability northern areas and massive past habitat replacement its southern range. Here, we use leaf frog Phyllomedusa distincta, endemic to BAF, better understand patterns within this underexplored rainforest region. We used an integrative approach coupling fine-scale sampling multilocus sequence data, with traditional statistical phylogeographic (multilocus approximate Bayesian computation) methods explore alternative hypotheses diversification. also employed species paleodistribution modeling independently verify upon a spatially explicit model. Our data support two divergent lineages coherent geographic distribution that span throughout ranges. Demographic estimates suggested Southern lineage experienced recent population expansion, whereas Northern remained more stable. Hypothesis testing supports scenario ancient vicariance expansion. revealed discontinuity during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) one area range lineage. Evidence genetic structure, demography, P. distincta historically heterogeneous landscape both regions where occupation is probably recent. associate end Cubatao shear zone break in BAF. Taken together, our results argue idea multiple mechanisms generating diversity biome underscore need revealing detailed pictures.