Hypersensitivity reactions to biologics (part II): classifications and current diagnostic and treatment approaches

摘要: Biotechnological substances (BS) have rapidly expanded their clinical use. In parallel, there is an increase in expected or unexpected immunological non-immunological adverse effects. this part of the review, current nomenclature BSs, classification hypersensitivity reactions (HSR), as well diagnostic and treatment approaches are documented to provide tools understand used throughout databases need harmonize it where applicable. Detailed searches were performed on Pubmed, Web Science, Google Scholar include all available publications. The search terms, such specific BS, allergy, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity, reactions, classification, diagnosis, grading, management, desensitization, determined for search. Case reports, articles, reviews subject included. Today, a variety non-standardized methods support diagnosis. These prick-to-prick tests intradermal with drug itself its potentially allergenic ingredients. More rarely, anti-drug antibodies detected basophil activation by centers research facilities. Although protocols acute conditions vary, overall approach same. HSRs BS gradually increasing widening use indications. It very important prevent know degree severity emergency algorithm. This review summarizes that should be applied: (a) immediately during/after a reaction, (b) subsequently, case a switch not possible, desensitization option.