The shrinking resource base of pastoralism: Saami reindeer husbandry in a climate of change

摘要: The productive performance of large ungulates in extensive pastoral grazing systems is modulated simultaneously by the effects climate change and human intervention independent change. latter includes expansion private, civil military activity infrastructure erosion land rights. We used Saami reindeer husbandry Norway as a model which to examine trends in, compare influence of, both on system. Downscaled projections mean annual temperature over principal winter pasture area (Finnmarksvidda) closely matched empirical observations across 34 years 2018. area, therefore, not only warming but seems likely continue warmdo so. Warming notwithstanding, 50Fifty-year (1969-2018) records local weather (temperature, precipitation characteristics snowpack) nevertheless demonstrate considerable decadal variation also alternately amplify counter net warming. Warming, moreover, has positive negative ecosystem services that reindeer. pastoralism are evidently neither temporally nor spatially uniform, indeed role driver even clear. system, contrast, clear largely negative. Gradual liberalisation rights from 18th Century been countered loss pasture. Access approximately 50% traditional was lost last19th century owing closure international borders passage herders their At same timeSubsequent this undisturbed within decreased 71%. Loss piecemeal development administrative encroachment erodes herders’ freedom action remains them threats today. These tangible far exceed putative current situation confronting unique: administrative, economic, legal social constraints bedevil globe.