Subversive humanitarianism and its challenges : notes on the political ambiguities of civil refugee support

摘要: The authors’ previous work suggested to conceptualise these enactments of solidarity as instances ‘subversive humanitarianism’: a form moral humanitarianism which acquires political character because its opposition the social and climate in it unfolds. In this chapter, we describe how, over time, civil initiatives have tried balance between maintaining their subversive solidifying into more professional organisations. Drawing largely on case Brussels-based Citizen Platform, discuss three particular challenges they been confronted with: (a) establish horizontal or vertical ties with people help; (b) challenge reproduce subject-categories produced by state; (c) contend substitute governmental policies.