Tripartite cell networks for glucose homeostasis.

摘要: Controlling the excess and shortage of energy is a fundamental task for living organisms. Diabetes representative metabolic disease caused by malfunction homeostasis. The islets Langerhans in pancreas release long-range messengers, hormones, into blood to regulate homeostasis primary fuel, glucose. hormone glucose levels show rhythmic oscillations with characteristic period 5-10 min, functional roles are not clear. Each islet has [Formula: see text] cells that secrete glucagon insulin, respectively. These two counter-regulatory hormones appear sufficient increase decrease levels. However, pancreatic have third cell type, cells, which somatostatin. three populations unique spatial organization islets, they interact perturb their secretions. mini-organs scattered throughout exocrine pancreas. Considering human contains approximately million coordination secretion from multiple sources within should significant effect on physiology. In this review, we introduce hierarchical tripartite networks, recent biophysical modeling systematically understand interactions text], cells. Furthermore, discuss clinical implications hormonal phase diagnosis type II diabetes.