作者: David A. Woodrum , Akira Kawashima , Krzysztof R. Gorny , Lance A. Mynderse
DOI: 10.1007/174_2011_533
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摘要: The American Cancer Society estimated that 217,730 new cases of prostate cancer would be diagnosed in the USA 2010 (Jemal et al. CA J Clin 60(5):277−300, 2010). Many men with are often treated aggressive therapy, including radiotherapy, surgery, or androgen deprivation. No matter how expertly done, these therapies have significant risk and affect patient’s health-related quality life, impact on sexual, urinary, bowel function (Potosky Natl Inst 96(18):1358−1367, 2004). Active screening programs for identified increasing numbers low-risk encouraged regimens active surveillance to delay treatment until progression 56(2):106−130, 2006). Although debate continues suitability focal regional therapy patients, many unresolved issues remain which complicate this management approach. Among them multifocality, limitations current biopsy strategies, suboptimal staging by accepted imaging modalities, less than robust prediction models indolent cancers. In spite restrictions, confront paradigm disease (Onik Urology 70(6 Suppl):16−21, 2007). When accurate characterization posed a particular is achieved, will become viable option cancer.