Recycled water: Potential health risks from volatile organic compounds and use of 1,4-dichlorobenzene as treatment performance indicator

摘要: Abstract Characterisation of the concentrations and potential health risks chemicals in recycled water is important if this source to be safely used supplement drinking sources. This research was conducted to: (i) determine concentration volatile organic compounds (VOCs) secondary treated effluent (STE) and, post-reverse osmosis (RO) treatment to; (ii) assess risk associated with VOCs for indirect potable reuse (IPR). Samples were examined pre post-RO one full-scale pilot plant Perth, Western Australia. Risk quotients (RQ) estimated by expressing maximum median as a function value. Of 61 analysed over period three years, twenty (21) detected STE, 1,4-dichlorobenzene (94%); tetrachloroethene (88%); carbon disulfide (81%) and; chloromethane (58%) most commonly detected. Median these STE ranged from 0.81 μg/L 0.02 μg/L disulphide. After RO, six (26) detected, which (89%); acrylonitrile (83%) (63%) (40%) more frequently RQ(max) all below values after RO. removal efficiency RO variable, ranging −77% (dichlorodifluoromethane) 91.2% (tetrachloroethene). The results indicate that despite detection their human impact IPR negligible due low The results chemical indicator assessment using treatment.