The Triple Bottom Line and Progress toward Ecological Sustainable Development: Australia’s Coal Mining Industry as a Case Study

摘要: A common goal shared by the world is to achieve well-being for planet—for this generation and generations come. The formalized when it accepted concept of ecological sustainable development (ESD) at 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, through adoption United Nation's Agenda 21. This paper explores capacity New South Wales' planning system deliver on goal. It does an evaluation triple bottom line (TBL), as impact assessment framework, context coal mine proposals. performed against ESD principles, draws from experience authors reviewing a recent coalmine expansion application Wales, Australia. During review encountered opportunities improve process. identified relate process robust consistent drawing boundaries selection scales (geographic temporal), which conduct assessment. findings are significant, they offer path toward greater discussion around, realization of, achieving each TBL domain, i.e., social, environmental economic.