A microprobe analysis of inorganic elements in

摘要: Halobacterium salinarum were grown on peptone agar containing 4.28 M NaCl, 0.036 K and other salts. Stationary phase organisms lifted onto carbon planchets, freeze-dried, coated examined in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an X-ray spectrometer. Intracellular element concentrations (mol/kg H(2)O) determined using bulk analysis program appropriate standards. The cell concentration was 110 times that of the medium. For Na this value 0.3 for Cl, 1.1. When Rb present medium, its intracellular 77 higher than external value. cation minus anion suggests high fixed negative charge, 0.72 equivalents. apparent dielectric constants calculated cellular EMFs derived from literature, sodium concentration. values ranged 22-28 (vs 80 normal water) suggesting phases structured water. Ionic distributions these extremophiles are treated according to classical principles elucidated by Willard Gibbs represents heterogeneous system thermodynamic equilibrium hypersaline environment. Factors be considered are: (1) composition immobile charge; (2) physicochemical properties individual ions (charge, ionic radius, hydration energy, standard chemical potential); (3) constant dispersion medium (water); (4) binding ions, particularly potassium.