The pathology of vitamin D deficiency in domesticated animals: An evolutionary and comparative overview

摘要: Although vitamin D is critical to calcium/phosphorus homeostasis, bone formation and remodeling, there evolution-based variation between species in metabolism susceptibility rickets osteomalacia. Most herbivores produce D3 response sunlight, but dogs cats have generally lost the ability as carnivore diets are rich D. Nutritional deficiencies and/or poor exposure sunlight can induce birds, swine, cattle sheep, horses less susceptible they evolved a calcium homeostasis that quite different than other animals. Adaptations specific environments also affect disease incidence: llamas/alpacas out of their natural high altitude intense solar radiation highly deficiency. The pathology rickets/osteomalacia similar across species, however fibrous osteodystrophy more common may be present. Rickets/osteomalacia were likely animals before advent commercial diets, difficult definitively diagnose especially single archeological specimens. Consideration susceptibility, location - terms latitude, any available information on diet, season occurrence, husbandry practices or descriptions affected support diagnosis metabolic