Conducting Al and Ga-doped zinc oxides; rapid optimisation and scale-up

摘要: A high-throughput synthesis, screening and subsequent scale-up approach was utilised for the optimisation of conductive aluminium gallium-doped zinc oxide (AZO GZO, respectively) nanoparticles. AZO GZO nanoparticles with up to 6 at% dopant (with respect Zn) were directly synthesised using a laboratory scale continuous hydrothermal process at rate 60 g per hour. The resistivities determined by Hall effect measurements on pressed, heat-treated discs. Both Al- Ga-doping yielded order 1 × 10−2 Ω cm most samples; lowest resistivity 7.0 10−3 (at 2.5 Al doping), 9.1 3.5 Ga which are considered exceptionally pressed nanopowders. Synthesis optimised lab-scale compositions scaled-up pilot-scale production 8 kg day (by dry mass); results obtained from these nanopowders generally retained trends observed analogues.