Insects intercepted on Solid Wood Packing Materials at United States Ports-of-Entry: 1985-1998

摘要: Estimates of the total number exotic (non-indigenous) organisms that are now established in United States(US), range from 4,500 (US Congress1993) to more than 50,000 (Pimentel et al. 2000), which 400 insects feed on trees and shrubs another 20 disease trees(Haack Byler 1993, Mattson 1994, Niemela 1996). Several these tree-feeding insects-- gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), smaller European elm bark beetle (Scolytus multistriatus), hemlock woolly adelgid(Adelges tsugae), beech scale(Cryptococcus fagisuga)-- have already greatly altered forested landscapes throughout US (Ciesla Liebhotd 1995, Morrell Filip 1996, Wallner 1997). It is common for become pests a new country because they often arrive without their normal suite natural enemies.