Elucidating complex design and management tradeoffs through life cycle design: Air intake manifold demonstration project

摘要: Abstract The life cycle design (LCD) framework for enhancing analysis and decision making is demonstrated through a collaborative effort between the University of Michigan, cross functional team at Ford, US Environmental Protection Agency. LCD was used to evaluate three air intake manifold designs: sand cast aluminum, brazed aluminum tubular, nylon composite. Life inventory, cost product/process performance analyses highlighted significant tradeoffs among alternative manifolds, with respect system requirements. inventory indicated that sand-cast consumed most energy (1798 MJ) compared tubular (1131 composite (928 manifolds. generated least solid waste 218 kg per manifold, whereas manifolds comparable quantities 418 391 kg, respectively. Material production accounted 70% total while auto shredder residue responsible half design. estimated Ford manufacturing costs, customer gasoline end-of-life management costs. had highest costs but use phase Significant revenues from recycling would accrue under automobile take back legislation. A 20 requirements were each alternative.