Pharmacist's role in managing anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: potential clinical and economic benefits.

摘要: Purpose. Barriers to the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), role pharmacists screening for and developing guidelines use therapies CKD, goals considerations pharmacist-managed management clinics, potential benefits these clinics are described. Summary. The complexity patient nonadherence regimen, a shortage nephrologists, lack familiarity clinical practice recommendations treating possible barriers anemia. Pharmacists can play improving CKD by anemia, therapies, providing education promote adherence regimen. optimal upper limit hemoglobin concentration during erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESA) remains be determined, but it should not routinely exceed 13.0 g/dL. Extended dosing darbepoetin alfa new agent continuous erythropoiesis receptor activator appears effective. Iron status often is assessed because difficulty interpreting iron laboratory values identifying deficiency. usefulness supplementation limited intravenous (i.v.) or oral route administration may used predialysis peritoneal dialysis patients, i.v. recommended hemodialysis patients. Adverse effects drug interactions supplements. Administration parenteral time consuming accompanied concerns about accumulation uncertainty maximum serum ferritin concentration. Improved access care outcomes reduced costs have been documented clinics. Conclusion. help overcome CKD. Clinical economic associated clinics.