Breeder-Helper Conflict in a Cichlid Fish With Broodcare Helpers: an Experimental Analysis

摘要: This paper reports an experimental analysis of conflicting interests in the cooperatively breeding Lamprologus brichardi (Cichlidae). Helpers clearly prefer to stay family territory rather than leave for aggregation same-size young or unoccupied area-even when their chances reproducing independently are superior those field. usually attain independence breeders force them territory. Breeders' toleration helpers depends on stage reproductive cycle, size and need helpers. Large, previously expelled reaccepted competition is increased. In these circumstances own former strange young. Experimental field evidence suggests that 3 factors ultimately important breeder/helper relationship: parasitism by mature helpers, eventual cannibalism breeders' eggs shelter within A graphical model shows how initially common develop divergently reach at which they become sexually less susceptible predation. Large pay stay. The relationship large meets criterion reciprocal altruism.