Poultry mycoplasmas: sophisticated pathogens in simple guise

摘要: Mycoplasmas are a genus within the class Mollicutes (trivial name mollicutes), which smallest known prokaryotes capable of self-replication. They have very small genome, and evolved to this 'minimalist' status by losing non-essential genes, including those involved in cell wall synthesis. The mollicutes exploit their limited genetic material maximum many successful pathogens man, animals, birds plants. Most veterinary importance Mycoplasma include 4 poultry economic importance: gallisepticum, synoviae, meleagridis iowae. pathogenetic mechanisms mycoplasmas not fully understood, but they because can enter host multiply, evade defence mechanisms, cause damage escape infect new hosts. M. gallisepticum is one several motile species possesses terminal tip structure that mediates adherence its target tissues. For some species, organisms may become intracellular. Some pathogenic remarkable ability vary major surface antigens, mechanism thought help them persist evading immune response. molecular cellular events lead development lesions clinical disease still obscure. appear be result indirect from host's inflammatory responses. Despite short survival times environment, able transmit successfully In flocks there both horizontal vertical transmission, former being encouraged intensive husbandry stress factors. Establishing pathways transmission possible role other birds, such as game wild intermediate vectors between now greatly aided availability modern methods for strain typing.