作者: Sarah Gibson , Christina Fyock , Eric Grimson , Takeo Kanade , Ron Kikinis
DOI: 10.1016/S1361-8415(98)80007-8
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摘要: Surgical simulation has many applications in medical education, surgical training, planning and intra-operative assistance. However, extending current surface-based computer graphics methods to model phenomena such as the deformation, cutting, tearing or repairing of soft tissues poses significant challenges for real-time interactions. This paper discusses use volumetric modeling complex anatomy tissue New techniques are introduced that soft-tissue deformation cutting at interactive rates. An initial prototype simulating arthroscopic knee surgery is described which uses models derived from 3-D magnetic resonance imaging, visual feedback via volume polygon rendering, haptic provided by a force-feedback device.