Integrated treatment and recycling of stormwater: a review of Australian practice.

摘要: With the use of water approaching, and in some cases exceeding, limits sustainability many locations, there is an increasing recognition need to utilise stormwater for non-potable requirements, thus reducing demand on potable sources. This paper presents a review Australian treatment recycling practices as well discussion key lessons identified knowledge gaps. Where possible, recommendations overcoming these gaps are given. The existing systems focussed primarily general urban runoff (runoff generated from all surfaces) purposes. Regulations guidelines specific be developed facilitate effective design such systems, minimise risks failure. There clear development innovative techniques collection, storage stormwater. Existing practice far ahead research, that no technologies designed specifically recycling. Instead, pollution control frequently utilised, which do not guarantee necessary reliability treatment. Performance modelling evaluation purposes also needs further so industry can objectively assess alternative approaches. Just aspects issues may have impeded adoption stormwater, another impediment has been lack practical widely accepted method assessing financial, social ecological costs benefits projects against traditional alternatives. Such triple-bottom-line assessment methodologies trialled projects. If shown compare favourably with conventional this will provide incentive overcome other obstacles widespread